Behind the mission, arent those the Santa Catalina Mountains? Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. Wild Bill Hickok certainly was: The man born in 1837 to William Alonso and Polly Butler Hickok found his superpower, expert marksmanship, at a young age, and went on to have all sorts of adventures. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1984). Six months later Jane visited friends in Deadwood, stating Jessie had married and was living in North Dakota with two children. A highly fictional film account of Hickok's later years and death, titled Wild Bill (1995), stars Jeff Bridges as Hickok and David Arquette as Jack McCall, and was written and directed by Walter Hill. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. The trial began on December 4 and it only took two days for the jury to find McCall guilty. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. He was very famous as a lawman as he established law and order in some of the most notorious towns on the frontier. Jesse James suffered from it. Hickok saved Cody from getting beaten by another man and the two became longtime pals. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. Hickok waved his hand past Mulvey at some onlookers and yelled, "Don't shoot him in the back; he is drunk." [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. By Tyler MacDonald / May 18, 2021 9:31 am EST. McCall was found guilty and sentenced to death. [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. Wild Bill Hickok was an American frontiersman, army scout and lawman who helped bring order to the frontier West. This was his sixth murder. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. Wild Bill Hickok's Revolver James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok's (1837-1874) pair of ivory-handled revolvers were as legendary as he was. When Varnes could not be found, McCall then implicated Tim Brady in the plot. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. McCall was brought to trial the next day. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. Jean McCormick was the daughter of Jane "Calamity Jane" Cannary and James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok. Two 7th Cavalry troopers jump, Most people have heard of Calamity Jane, once promoted as The Famous Woman Scout of. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. awaiting execution. 22nd August 2017 By the end of 1861, he was a wagon master, but in September 1862, he was discharged for unknown reasons. Wild Bill Hickok's proficiency with a pistol is well known, but there remains some confusion concerning how he used his weapons and which ones he actually used. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. They had ivory grips and nickel plating, and were ornately engraved with "J.B. Hickok1869" on the backstrap. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). Did Nick McGlashan have a family? He told Clemmons (Hardin) to stay out of trouble in Abilene and asked him to hand over his guns, and Hardin complied. Hickok chased and wounded the fleeing Gordon, who was then fatally shot by someone else (according to some by Doc Brinks, another Pony Express employee). The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. On August 2, 1876, during a poker game in a saloon that found him with his back uncharacteristically to the door, Hickok was shot in the back of his head by Jack McCall, who may have been hired to kill him. Keith Bell Manchester, United Kingdom Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill Hickok. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in the knee, and shot Kyle twice, killing him. before shooting Hickok in the back of the head at point-blank range. The cards he was holding at the time a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights became known as "the dead man's hand.". In June, Hickok mustered out and went to Springfield, where he gambled. Hickok encouraged McCall to quit the game until he could cover his losses and offered to give him money for breakfast. 1. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. Future Publishing Limited Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. He is said to have wrestled a bear As a very young boy, Bill was born to father William Alonzo Hickok and mother Polly Butler. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Even in death Hickok's legend grew. Before and during Hickok's lifetime (1837-1876), the most readily available firearms were cap-and-ball, or percussion. August 18, 1876, image 3", "Jack McCall Cowardly Killer of Wild Bill Hickok", "American Wonder Wild Bill Hickok Shot and Killed from Behind on This Day in History", Bozeman Avant Courier, December 22, 1876, image 1, testimony of George M. Shingle, "Riverboat captain 'carried' bullet that killed Hickok", "Jack McCall and the Murder of Wild Bill Hickok", "Wild Bill Hickok: Pistoleer, Peace Officer and Folk Hero", Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok's Colt Model 1851 Navys, "Wild Bill Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. 2 Revolver on Offer at Bonhams This Fall", "Wild Bill Hickok's Death-Day Revolver Fails to Sell at California Auction", "Wild-Bill-Hickok - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes", "Josh Brolin as James Butler Hickok (aka Wild Bill)", https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0028/2964/7961/files/Deadwood_1876_Rules_English.pdf?4346553514003986582, Black Hills War, or Great Sioux War (1876), Cheyenne-Black Hills Stage Route (18761887), Sidney-Black Hills Stage Road (18761887), Rapid City, Black Hills and Western Railroad (18931947), Fossil Cycad National Monument (19221957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wild_Bill_Hickok&oldid=1141945329, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple parents, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, James B. Hickok, J.B. Hickok, Shanghai Bill, William Hickok, William Haycock, Bird, Roy (1979). Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. (If said child had actually existed, he or she was said to . He drove freight wagons and coaches. Some contemporaneous reports of his exploits are known to be fictitious, but they remain the basis of much of his fame and reputation. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. [9][41], The second killed by Hickok was Samuel Strawhun, a cowboy, who was causing a disturbance in a saloon at 1:00 am on September 27, when Hickok and Lanihan went to the scene. As a result, calcium carbonate from the surrounding soil had replaced the flesh, leading to petrifaction. Since he was actually shot in the back of the head, that plot element is a complete artifice of the episode writers. Corrections? ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. When he saw Hickok, he leveled his cocked rifle at him. Was he shooting back? His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. Martha Jane Cannary (May 1, 1852 - August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, and storyteller. This angered the buffalo and panicked audience members, causing the animals to break free of their wire fencing and chase audience members, some of whom were trampled. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. He fought and spied for the Union Army during the American Civil War and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. Duck Bill and Shanghai Bill It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. The hand of cards which he supposedly held at the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces and eights. Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. But although there was an uncanny resemblance between the two, plus stories of Jane visiting the child, Shadley lacked any documentation to back up her claim. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. The glorification of Wild Bill Hickok began in Springfield, Mo., on July 21, 1865, when he killed gunman Dave Tutt. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). Calamity Jane never married Wild Bill . In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. This made it difficult for the men to carry the remains to the new site. The original wooden grave marker was moved to the new site, but by 1891, it had been destroyed by souvenir hunters whittling pieces from it, and it was replaced with a statue. and that Deft. James Butler Hickok, better known as " Wild Bill ," was a wagon master, soldier, scout, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, showman, and actor well-known in the American West. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! Quay House, The Ambury, [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. I would have rather been somewhere else, but Bill stopped. The town of Deadwood, South Dakota, re-enacts Hickok's murder and McCall's capture every summer evening. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters, James Butler ("Wild Bill") Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy Grove, Illinois. Nicholss version of the shootout in Harpers grabbed the publics attention, making Hickok an instant legend whose gunfighting prowess became fodder for dime novels. From there the ONeils took the pair to the family home in Richmond, Virginia, and ultimately raised the Jean in Liverpool, England. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Wild Bill Hickok, Birth Year: 1837, Birth date: May 27, 1837, Birth State: Illinois, Birth City: Troy Grove, Birth Country: United States. For the next several years, various witnesses saw Jane, who towed Jessie around with her as she drank her way across the west. Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. The story continued that McCanles invaded the Wellmans cabin and prepared to shoot Hickok, who acted faster and shot McCanles in the chest. James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 - August 2, 1876), also known as "Wild Bill" Hickok was a legendary figure in the old west. Pard, we will meet again in the happy hunting ground to part no more. Like his friend Buffalo Bill Cody, Hickok was the son of an abolitionist. McCanles may have been the first man Hickok killed. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. In fact, William Hickok (senior) was so opposed to slavery that it's been reported that the Hickok house was a station for the Underground Railroad, where black slaves stopped for refuge on their journey north to freedom. 3. A second son, named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in October of 1831 but died soon thereafter. At the coroner's inquest into Strawhun's death, despite "very contradictory" evidence from witnesses, the jury found the shooting justifiable. To date, four children have been credited to the lady, although some of the claims have come from the children themselves. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. I suggest you read Calamity Jane: The Woman and the Legend by James D. McLaird. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. Wild Bill Hickok was born on May 27, 1837 in Troy Grove, Illinois. By Jan MacKell Collins. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. McCall lost heavily. Under the name "Wild Bill Hitchcock" [sic], the article recounted the "hundreds" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits. Military records after 1865 list him as Hickok, but note that he was also known as Haycock. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. Foxs visit coincided with the few weeks Jessie actually attended St. Edwards Academy in Deadwood. "Doc" Howard, who had known Hickok, stated that Hickok had left Buffalo Bill's Wild West Exhibition "because the lights affected his eyes, so he had to give it up". Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. McLintock used a cane to tap the body, face, and head, finding no soft tissue anywhere. Hickok was of English ancestry. Hickok had a large impact on American history because of his life and death. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. He was found not guilty by a miners court after telling judges that Hickok killed his brother, though later accounts showed McCall had no brothers. She said she was the daughter of Jane and Wild Bill Hickok, and was born in a cabin near Livingston, Montana in 1873. The couple had five children besides James Butler, three boys and two girls. It ends with Hickok surviving the murder attempt due to wearing body armor and being shot in the back, then secretly leaving for a ranch in California. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. ", Hermon, Gregory (1987). Wild Bill Hickoks legend only grew further when other stories about his fighting prowess surfaced. [43], On April 15, 1871, Hickok became marshal of Abilene, Kansas. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. [citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. There, the freight company had built a stagecoach stop along the Oregon Trail near Fairbury, Nebraska, on land purchased from David McCanles. Hickok accused a J.V. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". "[citation needed]. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. When Jane arrived in Deadwood, South Dakota in 1895, she told others that she needed money to enrol Jessie in a convent school at Sturgis. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. [25] The 1883 History of Greene County, Missouri described him as "by nature a ruffian a drunken, swaggering fellow, who delighted when 'on a spree' to frighten nervous men and timid women. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? During the Civil War, Wild Bill Hickok served in the Union Army as a civilian scout and later a provost marshal. The new trial was held in Yankton, the capital of the Dakota Territory. For the next several years, Hickok worked as a stagecoach driver. ), 18721886. The next child, also named Lorenzo Butler Hickok, was born in November of 1832. Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. Circa 1890. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). Later historians, however, have presented a radically different portrayal of the events at Rock Creek. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. He was released from the group after a few months. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. He was involved in several notable shootouts during the course of his life. "[55], On March 5, 1876, Hickok married Agnes Thatcher Lake, a 50-year-old circus proprietor in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. It was written by Michael Lanahan and directed by Timothy Woodward Jr. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. If James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok had an eye disease, present-day experts believe that, like many others of his time, he may have suffered from trachoma. He was released on $2,000 bail and stood trial on August 3, 1865. authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. Hickok was severely injured, with a crushed chest, shoulder, and arm. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). But Coe "reckoned without his host". Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. Tutt called out, "Boys, I'm killed", before he collapsed and died. . This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. They arrived in Topeka on April 2. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". For confirmation that Hickok was employed as a U.S. Army scout fighting Indians in Kansas in the summer of 1867, see Ames, George Augustus, Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, List of cultural depictions of Wild Bill Hickok, "How many men did Wild Bill Hickok actually kill? James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. Omissions? Alonzo and Polly Hickok moved to Illinois in 1833, finally settling in Troy Grove (known as Homer at the time), LaSalle County, along the banks of the Little Vermillion Creek. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. In 1857, Hickok claimed a 160-acre (65ha) tract in Johnson County, Kansas, near present-day Lenexa. 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