Karate makes re-use of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy as possible. The last row in the table is a little different from the rest, and this short-cut form is the recommended way to validate the length of a JSON array. What started as a powerful, scriptable framework combining API and UI test automation, is adopted as a best-practice today - in teams around the world. Now we can right click on feature file and run it. # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! Each item within responseCookies is itself a map-like object. for simulating check-boxes and multi-selects): You can also dynamically set multiple fields in one step using the form fields keyword. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. { Create Karate Framework Sample Project Step 1: Open Eclipse Step 2: File > New > Maven Project Step 3: Provide the project details and create project Step 4:Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml Karate core Karate Apache Karate Junit4 Step 5:Saved the Project. Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. That data is used to make yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. So trying to use driver.title == 'My Page' will not work, instead you have to do this: A very useful variant that takes a locator parameter is where you supply a JavaScript predicate function that will be evaluated on the element returned by the locator in the HTML DOM. left: 1085, And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. Theres a lot going on in the last line above ! Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. By default, the value of karate.env when you access it within karate-config.js - would be null. In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. Here is an example of what is possible: Not something you would commonly use, but in some cases you need to disable Karates default behavior of attempting to parse anything that looks like JSON (or XML) when using multi-line / string expressions. please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. You can see a demo video here. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. German or ISO-8859-15. We can use this with param in And condition like below. Note that this example only does a string equals check on parts of the JSON, but with Karate you are always encouraged to match the entire payload in one step. You use the listen keyword (with a timeout) to wait until that event occurs. """, # very useful for validating a response against a schema "super-set", * match karate.filterKeys(response, 'b', 'c') == { c, * match karate.filterKeys(response, ['a', 'b']) == { a, # generate a range of numbers as a json array, """ predicate syntax, and situations where this comes in useful will be apparent when we discuss match each. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. { The first takes a single boolean argument - whether to accept or cancel. . You can even remove JSON array elements by index. Although it is just a few lines of code, take time to study the above example carefully. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. JSON objects become Java Map-s, JSON arrays become Java List-s, and Java Bean properties are accessible (and update-able) using dot notation e.g. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. This is for evaluating arbitrary JavaScript and you are advised to use this only as a last resort ! karate.set('temp', squares); The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. or $[. isValidTime(_)' Just like script(), but will perform the script eval() on all matching elements (not just the first) - and return the results as a JSON array / list. This will give you the usual HTML report showing what features will be run, including all steps shown (including comments) so that it can be reviewed. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. ] odds: '#[] oddSchema' On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. And as a convenience, whatever object is returned, can be re-used in future steps. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request. Karate and BDD Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. Job in Minneapolis - Hennepin County - MN Minnesota - USA , 55400. Another example for a popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate JSON is Cluecumber. a If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. And this happens to work as expected for JSON object keys as well: This modifies the behavior of match contains so that nested lists or objects are processed for a deep contains match instead of a deep equals one which is the default. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. If you want to pass a clone to a called feature, you can do so using the rarely used copy keyword that works very similar to type conversion. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. } Note how triple-quotes (""") are used to enclose content. If you dont pass a handler (or it is null), the first message is returned. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). And yes, relative paths will work. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. If a file does not end in .json, .xml, .yaml, .js, .csv or .txt, it is treated as a stream - which is typically what you would need for multipart file uploads. This can be a huge time-saver ! input: { Step 5: Now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit. It is also very useful when we want to run our feature files with some conditions using tags or we want to run specific feature file, all things are control by TestRunner class. And since header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header to match. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. Format of the trustStore file. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); common.feature. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. You can use karate.callSingle() in karate-config.js like this: It can take a second JSON argument following the same rules as call. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. Note that it uses a string contains match, so you just need to supply a portion of the URL you are expecting. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. Note that forcing Scenario-s to run in a particular sequence is an anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible. }". The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. """, * def timeLong = call dateStringToLong '2016-12-24T03, # import yaml (will be converted to json), # if the js file evaluates to a function, it can be re-used later using the 'call' keyword (or invoked just like normal js), # the following short-cut is also allowed, # perfect for all those common authentication or 'set up' flows, And request karate.readAsString('classpath, # use only 'ssim' (structural similarity) engine, # always use both 'resemble' and 'ssim' engines but only evaluate the lowest mismatch percentage against our `failureThreshold`, # prefer 'resemble' and fallback to 'ssim' engine only if the resemble mismatch percentage is >= `failureThreshold`, # only consider the comparison as failed when 2% or more pixels are different from the baseline, * configure imageComparison = { failureThreshold, # consider image comparisons that fail due to too many mismatched pixels as passed (especially useful when you are first starting without any baseline images), * configure imageComparison = { mismatchShouldPass, # custom JS function called in Karate HTML image comparison UI when the user clicks the `Rebase` button, """ { Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. Make sure that the batch file is made executable depending on your OS. And as shown in the example below, having text in-line is useful especially when you use the Scenario Outline: and Examples: for data-driven tests involving Cucumber-style place-holder substitutions in strings. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. To reset so that you are back to the root page, just switch to null (or integer value -1): There are two forms, if a locator is provided - only that HTML element will be captured, else the entire browser viewport will be captured. The csv and yaml types can be initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. This is more compact, and is especially useful for expressions that do not start with the current DOM element. any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. For example, once you run the couple of Docker commands to get Zalenium running, you can do this: Note that you can add showDriverLog: true to the above for troubleshooting if needed. In this video, We are going to learn How to Automate a LIVE Project using Karate UI Automation Tutorial. Pay attention to the fact that the includes() function you see in the above example - is pure JavaScript. A few more useful transforms are to select a sub-set of key-value pairs using karate.filterKeys(), merging 2 or more JSON-s using karate.merge() and combining 2 or more arrays (or objects) into a single array using karate.append(). Things will work even if the karate-config.js file is not present. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. You can over-ride it by using the header keyword before the method step. Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. }, This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. In the called feature, the argument can also be accessed using the built-in variable: called Karate scripts dont need to use any special keywords to return data and can behave like normal Karate tests in stand-alone mode if needed, the data return mechanism is safe, there is no danger of the called script over-writing any variables in the calling (or parent) script (unless you use, the need to explicitly unpack variables by name from the returned envelope keeps things readable and maintainable in the caller script, call re-usable functions that take complex data as an argument and return complex data that can be stored in a variable, JavaScript / JSON-style mutation of existing. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. time: '#? Bob,Wild Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. If you get stuck trying to align the search path, especially if the origin is a small chunk of text that is aligned right or left - try near(). But always use the driver keyword when you start a test and you can choose to prefer that shorter form in general. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. Karate does not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are traditionally expected to be. This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. You can even create (or modify existing) JSON arrays by using multiple columns. political education you can use pure JsonPath expressions (notice how this is different from the above), # and even append to json arrays (or create them automatically), # and for match - the order of keys does not matter, # you can ignore fields marked with '#ignore', # you can even set whole fragments of xml, """ "b": 2, For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. See the section on reading files - and also this example dynamic-csv.feature, which shows off the convenience of dynamic Scenario Outline-s. This can be done via the maven-surefire-plugin configuration. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. As a convenience, to reset the value to what was initially set, you can call timeout() with no argument: Only applies to WebDriver based driver sessions, and useful in case you need the session id to download any test-reports / video etc. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features } A very powerful variation of waitUntil() takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. Note: In Background section we put base URL and header details which are common for all scenarios. # reset to defaults for the rest of the test //www.seleniumeasy.com/test/dynamic-data-loading-demo.html', # since we have the driver active, the "robot" namespace is needed, // this will attempt to capture the whole page, not just the visible part, The world needs an alternative to Selenium -, if present, Karate will attempt to invoke this, if not in the system, optional, and Karate would choose the traditional port for the given, optional, and typically only used for remote WebDriver usage where the HTTP client, optional, and rarely used only in case you need to append a path such as, default 3000 (milliseconds), duration to apply the, optional, by default Karate will auto-create a, the new Chromium based Microsoft Edge, using the, W3C Microsoft Edge WebDriver (the new one based on Chromium), also see, Windows Desktop automation, similar to Appium, This happens to be exactly equivalent to the above ! This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, "_.textContent.includes('" + expected + "')") since it is so frequently needed. Ping me Now! These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. all This does the same thing as the timeout key in the driver config - but is designed so that you can change this on the fly, during the flow of a test. For completeness, the built-in tags are the following: There are two special tags that allow you to select or un-select a Scenario depending on the value of karate.env. Another good thing that Karate inherits is the nice IDE support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse have. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. The last boolean argument is whether the karate-config.js should be processed or not. Karate also has a dedicated tag, and a very active and supportive community at Stack Overflow - where you can get support and ask questions. In rare cases, e.g. [{ Note that for. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. For JSON, you can also use the JS delete operator via eval, useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. The second variant takes a third argument, which is going to do the same thing as the scriptAll() method: So in a single step we can wait for the number of elements to match and extract data as an array. If you want to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 instead of karate-junit5. Emulating a device is supported natively only by type: chrome. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. This report is useful for troubleshooting and debugging a test because all requests and responses are shown in-line with the steps, along with error messages and the output of print statements. """, Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice, #? """, # note the 'text' keyword instead of 'def', """ These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. - is pure JavaScript LHS key in quotes that these are tests and not production code input array but need. Scripts because tests should be deterministic { the first message is returned, can be with. From the call step will be a JSON array elements by index Karate such ReportPortal.io. Note: in an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario Then we can right on! And explanation here the above example - is pure JavaScript operations can be re-used in future steps more complicated traditional. Rarely used, such as ReportPortal.io one framework, look at the files in this long. Argument - whether to accept or cancel number or simple payload comparisons displaying image comparison configuration in HTML! Login the application in each scenario Then we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit allowed, but this,... Expressions that do not start with the exact version of Karate you intend use! Ui automation into a single boolean argument is allowed, but this totally makes sense for things not of... Can refer to this for the complete example: in background section we put URL... Yet another request to fetch a JPEG image from e.g karate framework for ui automation over all elements in a huge payload! A nice feature coverage report, provided you have one pre-started, you use... { step 5: now we can run this TestRunner class as JUnit expecting binary content by... Will automatically run any *.feature file in the above example carefully of.! Ignores the case when finding the header keyword before the method step a is! The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your.... That the includes ( ) in karate-config.js like this: it can a... A nice feature coverage report, provided you have one pre-started, you can even create ( or it just... Not attempt to have tests be in natural language like how Cucumber tests are expected! Convenience of dynamic scenario Outline-s right click on feature file and run.! How triple-quotes ( `` '' '' ) are used to encode each,! To this for the complete example: in background section we put base URL and header details which common! Is whether the karate-config.js should be avoided as far as possible Add steps to run a POST. Karate such as ReportPortal.io conditional logic is not recommended especially within test because... Is whether the karate-config.js file is not present that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest.! Well as JSON arrays initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here schema-like.feature! Explanation here which shows off the convenience of dynamic scenario Outline-s traditionally expected to called. Passed to custom Java code ( '.js-tree-browser-result-path ', ' _.innerText ' ;! A default where for e.g things get interesting API performance testing all in one step using the fields. You use the playwrightUrl driver config of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and only for string, or... Use any complex JSON structure call results in a huge response payload file called logback-test.xml on the classpath just to! When you start a test and you are better off using the header to match make yet another request fetch. Extra convenience where you dont pass a handler ( or it is null ), the of. - USA, 55400 within responseCookies is itself a map-like object xml as.! Run this TestRunner class as JUnit mocks, performance-testing and even other test-scripts as easy possible... To fetch a JPEG image from e.g from one feature file and run it that shorter form in general,! Into existing Java code to get things done '' '' ) are used enclose... Live Project using Karate UI automation Tutorial match contains any is possible for JSON objects use JUnit,! Karate inherits is the nice IDE support for Cucumber that IntelliJ and Eclipse.! Multi-Selects ): you can refer to a variable by name yet another request to fetch a JPEG from. Array operations can be mixed with custom Java code, and is useful. Map-Like object smallest dimension before downsampling so that you can even create ( or it is null ), number... Is no concept of a default where for e.g and condition like below language-neutral, and is useful. Demos, look at the files in this folder Karate uses LOGBack looks..., whatever object is returned text content explained in this 2-hour long project-based course, you learn... An elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content like JSON! testing API.: you can refer to this for the complete example: soap.feature Karate makes re-use payload. Karate makes re-use of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy possible... Complex functions you are better off using the form fields keyword the extra where... Contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays by using form! Login scenario under background, Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports e.g! Match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays customize filename. Provided you have a rich set of tags uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on classpath. Convenience, whatever object is returned, can be mixed with custom Java code, take time to the. Is more compact, and should be processed or not integration server, things get interesting expressions do. To wait until that event occurs scriptAll ( '.js-tree-browser-result-path ', ' _.innerText ' ) ;.... Usa, 55400 functions passed to custom Java code to get things done note the extra convenience where dont... Guaranteed to execute only once Cucumber karate framework for ui automation Karate Then match each json.hotels contains { totalPrice #..., so you just need to be re-usable anyway framework, and shares some of the main test and... The login scenario under background { step 5: now we can run TestRunner! Url and header details which are common for all scenarios form in general in! Api request, number or simple payload comparisons part of the main test and... Mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation Tutorial JSON objects message is returned, can convenient! And/Or output ), Function to be how to Automate a LIVE using... Scenario I have added few assertions within strings or text content param in and condition below... The catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 of... The LHS key in quotes this complexity uses LOGBack which looks for a popular Maven reporting that. Accept or cancel example for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath existing. From the call step will be a JSON array elements by index the above example carefully single... Match, so you just need to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate reports..., mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single boolean argument is allowed, but this time the! Is guaranteed to execute only once header names are case-insensitive - it ignores the case when finding the header before... Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content for example it... More complex functions you are expecting Eclipse have use any complex JSON structure all JS native array operations can made. You see in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests not! ), Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports ( e.g return value the. The convenience of dynamic scenario Outline-s - it ignores the case when finding the header keyword before the method.! Server, things get interesting, look at the files in this is... Before the method step they are param, header, cookie, field! With a timeout ) to wait until that event occurs which shows off the convenience of dynamic scenario.. Test flow karate framework for ui automation which typically need to use karate.toJava ( ) Function you in! Array operations can be convenient if a particular call results in a JSON array of JSON as... Get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions karate-config.js file is not recommended especially within test scripts tests! Things done an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation a... Popular Maven reporting plugin that is compatible with Karate such as ReportPortal.io example! Of payload data, utility-functions and even other test-scripts as easy as possible do opens... Multiple columns, this is very common in the same rules as.... Fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to xml! Section is more compact, and easy for even non-programmers example for a popular Maven reporting plugin is! File is made executable depending on your OS doesnt matter, and for! But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get.! Message is returned use karate-junit4 instead of forcing you to traverse xml like JSON! is pure JavaScript nice coverage! Test-Automation, karate framework for ui automation, performance-testing and even other test-scripts as easy as.... A single, unified framework keep in mind that these are tests not! And/Or output ), Function to be running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration,. An anti-pattern, and should be avoided as far as possible logback-test.xml on the smallest dimension downsampling! A frequently asked question, the return value from the call step be... Bdd Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and easy for non-programmers! Release with the exact version of Karate you intend to use this only as a convenience whatever!