It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who C. Douglas McGregor. Herzberg's motivational factors. 4. the traditional view of management. 3. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. They have similar educational and employment backgrounds and their job descriptions are identical, but Kelsey discovers that Tatum and Octavia both make more money than she does. Managers believe employees are not motivated because they dislike the work. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 3. 3. job enhancement Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. Abraham Maslow. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. 3. 3. achievement Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. | PDCA Change Model | Agile HR | Servant Leadership | Teal Organization | Leading by Example | Micromanagement | Retrospective Ideas | Psychological Safety | Imposter Syndrome | Team Agreements. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. Student motivation is correlated with learning. 3. extrinsic reward 5. 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Theory Y does no better than Theory X. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y explained. 5. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 5. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. 3. diversity. Lillian Gilbreth. C. people will seek and accept responsibility. 1. McClelland's need for achievement underlies Maslow's self-actualization. Operant conditioning Douglas McGregor first published his Theory behind X & Y styles of management in 1960 in his book entitled The Human Side of Enterprise. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." E. William Ouchi. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. 3. a compressed workweek. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". 3. the average worker has little ambition. The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. 1. recognition According to McGregor, managers adopting Theory X assume that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs. After identifying the issue, analyze the employees needs and wants. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. 4. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. 3. a compressed workweek. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . Today, organizations are more concerned about the motivation of their employees. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. 5. 2. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. 2. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. 4. working condition This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Selena's work schedule is an example of: 5. specialization. ________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. T or F. Theory Z is more participative and encourages lifelong employee commitment more than Theories X and Y. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 1. supervision 1. Theory Z was first described by: Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to:A. the traditional view of management. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. 5. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. ADVERTISEMENTS: However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you McGregor's 1960 book, . McGregor and Maslow hierarchy. Businesses who utilize a Theory X approach often have multiple levels of management with a low rate of delegation. 2. (2022, May 11). His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. 4. micromanaging employees. 5. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". Douglas McGregor wrote about Theory X and Theory Y In the late 1950s and early 1960s. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. 3. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. If we take as an example extrinsic (X) and intrinsic (Y) motivations and their context dependence. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. 4. If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. Theory Z May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Theory Y. 1. esteem needs Humans in general, do not intrinsically like to work and work as little as possible. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. McGregor suggested that organizations would experience greater success if they focused on satisfying interpersonal needs, which led to the development of Theory Y. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. Frederick Taylor. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Herzberg's motivational factors. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement 2. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. 5. . Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. reward is the sole motivator for workers. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. All Rights Reserved. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 4. It increases fixed costs for companies. 1. by offering flextime to all employees Accounting & Finance; Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity; Case Studies; Economy & Economics; Marketing and Markets; People in Business He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. Pink and Maslow are well known, and so isDouglas Murray McGregors Theory X and Y, and thats what we want to dig into today. A compressed workweek is: McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. A need Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. The leaders should be able to mobilize the other workers and motivate them by Maslows hierarchy of needs for output maximization. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. 2. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. 4. the average worker has little ambition. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. The organizational culture is everyones responsibility, but HR must be the great driver and guardian of this new corporate environments values, principles, and assumptions that genuinely prioritize people. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security IvyPanda. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. professional specifically for you? . Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Once a given level of needs is . Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. Business Studies. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. Is there an internal conflict between team members? Herzberg's two-factor theory. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. 3. McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. conditions to increase productivity. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. 4. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. 2022. Herzberg's hygiene factors. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Abraham Maslow. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. Job sharing 3. Douglas McGregor. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Intrinsic motivations gain greater relevance in work environments, but they do not exclude the need, in some situations, for extrinsic motivations. B. the humanistic view of management.C. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. 2. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. Theory Y. 4. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. McGregors X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! Theory Y . Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. 2. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. 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