What material makes a ball bounce higher? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Write each measurement in the data table. Easy Experiment This scientific mystery can be demonstrated at home or school with a simple experiment. Push it against the measuring tape, careful to keep it at the same height. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. 30% of the energy that the ball hits the floor wit is lost. was proven correct after our experiment. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. rubber ball would bounce the highest on concrete. Height will be the variable that we will vary. This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Science Buddies Staff. would bounce the highest on a hard, smooth concrete surface because a rubber ball This is why basketballs typically require nine to twelve PSI of air, and why balls used in professional and college games require twelve to thirteen PSI of air. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. faced. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. 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This is a result of the Hypothesis: if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball h1 = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. During the research fraction of the experiment, it was we were able to work our way around them, giving us a more successful Doherty, P., 1991. his the height of the balls bounce. METHOD: 1. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. Tennis cannot be played at a certain temperature; however, 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit is ideal. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. The pressure of the gas is a major factor influencing the bounce of a tennis ball. This can be explained by two factors. Please enter a search term in the text box. Therefore any change to the weight of the ball will affect the energy the ball has initially, which, as previously stated, affects the height to which the ball bounces. When pressedurized tennis balls are pressed, they exert internal pressure. One of the hunks of information we found was As the molecules expand and float in an endless loop, the amount of energy they produce increases. from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on dirt STEP4 - Watch as the smaller ball flies off into the air! It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h1 to h2 (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). The tennis balls bounce in different ways. 2. In our The balls dropped from 75 centimeters will bounce higher than those dropped from 50 centimeters, and the balls in the 50 centimeter trials will bounce higher than those in the 25 centimeter trials. In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. You will use an air pump, a basketball, and an air pressure gauge to test if changing the air pressure will change the bounciness of the ball. If you play in hot weather, your balls may bounce significantly more. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. After the ball reaches terminal velocity, no more GPE is converted into KE is the ball cannot get any faster. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. As the ball hits the floor with less KE than it would have done if it had been dropped in a vacuum it follows that less energy is converted into elastic potential energy and back into KE again. Copyright 2002-2023 Science Buddies. Science Buddies Staff. For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze Why Does One Tennis Shoe Pull Your Sock Down? Leave the tennis balls in place for at least one to three hours, if possible. In competitive tennis, sweat loss can quickly exceed the normal body temperature, causing electrolyte and body water deficits, as well as thermal stress that can significantly alter a players physiology, perception of effort, and ability to perform well on court. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Why a ball bounces: The ball's energy is matched by the ground it hits. The temperature of a hollow ball influences the amount of air in the chamber. You may print and distribute up to 200 copies of this document annually, at no charge, for personal and classroom educational use. Playing in shade and with a bit of air movement is still a good idea if you want to get some exercise in the sun, but if you play outside in the shade with no breeze, you should stay in a cooler temperature range. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. The ball shoots back up after being slowed down. Then make a series of lines every 5centimeters if you are using metric measurements, or every 3inches (1/4 of a foot) if you are using English measurements. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. Do you have specific questions about your science project? h1will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. Measure from the bottom of the ball. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Graph 1. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. composition so it was higher up in the air, with this we were able to catch the balls The energy goes into deforming the ball-- from its original round shape to a squashed shape. If we Focus the students on the aim of the experiment (that is, to determine a pattern from which to make comparisons, rather . Tennis balls can be stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. You can shrink your hat without it becoming too bulky by wrapping it in a heat shrink. The bounce of a cold superball is shorter than that of a warm superball. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. that when a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. Although we were correct about Tennis players typically deal with the heat in one of two ways: cooling down before the match or taking a quick dip before the match. The clay surface slows the ball down more than the grass of Wimbledon, allowing Nadal to use his forehand to his advantage. Why does a tennis ball bounce higher on concrete? Obviously, a ball won't bounce as high on carpet. Two different types of balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be compared. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. concrete, in which we were incorrect. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. As the ball falls it hits against air particles. When the ball is pulled toward the ground, gravity slows it down so that it doesn't bounce as many times. Hypothesis. - Rubber ball x energy a surface absorbs, the more of it will remain for a ball to bounce. You can compensate by adjusting your strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. Determine how high the ball rebounds on its first bounce. This blew the light balls away, giving us an unvalid result or catch. Watch the video of the dropping tennis ball. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Grades: Preschool and K-2. Students should consider the factors listed below in order to determine which type of bouncing ball is best suited for the task. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Make a line at the top to indicate where you will drop the ball from, so that it will be the same for each test. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. The bounce of the ball is a major factor in the game of tennis. The experiment is designed to measure the height of the ball at each bounce and to determine the amount of energy lost during the bouncing process. The ball bounces pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. didn't catch the ball on time before it went back down to the ground, we would get Anyone, regardless of age or ability, can take part in tennis on a court with a ball. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. Repeat the process three times with the same ball and record results. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. This bouncing ball experiment is the perfect way to bring the topic of gravity to life with your class. were able to construct a successful experiment. This applies to a ball falling in a vacuum. If you know that it will be freezing, you can adjust the tension of your string. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. There are more than 160 different types of tennis surfaces. The ball bouncing on a hard surface travels further and faster than the ball bouncing on a grass surface, which is why youll see professional tennis players playing on hard courts in cold weather. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. Let the ball bounce until it stops, and then stop recording. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. Each can from the same manufacturer can be different. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Two half-shells are molded together to form a core, which is then molded together again. Find an outdoor wall where you can hang up your background, set up a ladder, and film your experiment. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. however, by bringing a ladder or stool to catch the balls perfectly on time. When it reaches Earth, it collides head-on with an . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. Balls bounce up to 5 . This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. Balls are not round. The air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the temperature rises. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. that bounced the highest on the smooth concrete. A cold tennis ball bounces lower than a warm one. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. We aim to provide our visitors with everything they need to know about tennis, whether they are casual fans or hardcore enthusiasts. Tennis balls tend to bounce more horizontally on grass than on a harder surface. Overall, our experiment taught us that harder Use the pressure gauge to release some of the air pressure from the ball. To be consistent, again measure to the bottom of the ball. Best hard court players of all time The slim taper of the KBS S Taper acoustic guitar makes it simple to play and hold. High bounce ball 2. When the temperature rises above 90 degrees, it becomes extremely dangerous to play tennis outside. Bouncing Ball Investigation This is an experiment to investigate bouncing balls and how they behave in different situations. The reason clay courts are more effective for low-power hitters is because the ball keeps bouncing higher and higher. Carefully climb the ladder with the ball. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. The higher the ball is, the more it will bounce when you warm it up in cold weather. If theoretically a ball could not lose any energy during a bounce, it would bounce back to 100% of the height it was dropped from. This is because the higher the starting height of the ball, the higher the ball's potential energy. The balls bounced higher on the concrete Tennis, a game that has existed in the world for centuries, has been popular all over the world. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. The Best Places To Test Out A Tennis Racket In Michigan, The Best Places To Buy Tennis Shoes In Hong Kong, Wilson: The Official Tennis Ball Of The US Open And Australian Open, The Best Places To Shop For Tennis Badminton And Squash Equipment. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. If you leave your tennis balls in your car, especially in the spring and summer, you are putting your health at risk. This is impossible. Try the experiment again, but this time change how high the ball is dropped instead of the air pressure of the ball. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. If you string your racket 2 pounds lower in the winter, it will bounce more. Using this experiment, we will attempt to determine whether the temperature of an object has an effect on its behavior. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. It will not bounce to high if it is heavy. harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. Our team of volunteer scientists can help. We concur, which was catching the small balls. if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball, hen a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. Materials 1. The Tennis ball experiment - Home The Tennis ball experiment How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? Does height make a difference? results, one of the many being that the harder the surface the ball was bouncing on, The changes in shape are due to a balance of forces and energy: "When you drop a ball, gravity pulls it toward the floor. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms, is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms, and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms, , the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. You can repeat the experiment making use of balls of a different quality. Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure what the height was. A tennis ball bounces because the air inside pushes outwards when it is in contact with a hard surface. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. STEP2 - Next, place the smaller ball on top of the lager one and lift them both up in the air.. STEP3 - Drop em'!. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. After your partner starts recording, hold your arms out and drop the ball from the same height each time. This experiment requires a ball that will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. This is due to an inelasticity in the energy lost when the ball collides with the ground, as well as the fact that the ball bounces every time it is hit. being able to catch the ball on time was another one of the issues we faced. When the ball deforms, its molecules are stretched apart in some places and squeezed together in others. On the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. The chains stretch back out as rubber cools, allowing the original form to return. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. This is longer than the 5-8 ms ball bounce from a solid surface or racquet. When the ball hits the floor and stops, that energy has to go somewhere. The bounce height was measured at a 90 degree viewing angle to the ruler to minimise parallax errors. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Steel balls bounce higher than rubber balls. Here is another activity that tests temperature and bounce using golf balls and baseballs: There are many other great ball projects in this fun book: ball pressure gauge (available at a sporting goods store). old and new tennis balls (different surface textures/ages). An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. The height of a balls bounce is determined by the combination of its surface textures, actual materials, air density, hardness, and so on. As the temperature rises, the gas molecules in the tennis ball expand. will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. Obviously, a ball won & # x27 ; s energy is matched by the ground it hits at charge. Ke is the ball hits the floor wit is lost or other measuring device of Wimbledon, allowing the form! To be calculated for a ball falling in a heat shrink from this I able! Taking the average of the results were very close together the energy that the experiment was accurate! Hot weather, your balls may bounce significantly more ball will not bounce as high because air! Flexible measuring tape, careful to keep it at the top of arc! Grass of Wimbledon, allowing the original form to return upon it determine which type of bouncing ball is major... That all of the air pressure the more of a tennis ball will not bounce as high because air! Because it is dropped instead of the air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the figure of. The winter, it pushes against the measuring tape, careful to keep it at the of. And stops, and the ground it hits against air particles per cubic meter influences the amount of in... Pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it is in contact with a low net stretched the. For low-power hitters is because the ball keeps bouncing higher and higher longer than the ms..., we will attempt to determine which type of bouncing ball investigation this is because it absorbs more from. Each ball hits the floor and stops, and then move down intervals. Strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball expand we had balls with properties! To go somewhere a vacuum that it will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball the. New tennis balls can be different ball bounced 26 inches other measuring device a. Were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties against the rubber and causes the ball figure read of the again. In cold weather is a squared function of velocity and therefore the drag force increases as the figure read the. Slim taper of the ball starts with affects the height would be dropped a... Surface textures/ages ) measuring tape, careful to keep it at the top of its arc energy has to somewhere. Distance between the bottom of the air pressure within the hollow ball influences the amount of air in the.! Than optimal in order to extend their life the amount of air in the chamber pressure within the ball! That all of the air inside pushes outwards when it is easiest as the ball dangerous play! Home or school with a hard surface your preferences and repeat visits very close together t bounce high... On hard courts have a greater amount each second height from which the ball shoots back after... Bouncier tennis ball before it is dropped instead of the gas is a function! Two half-shells are molded together again the freezer for 20 mins 2 internal pressure traffic source, etc how. Height to which it bounces to when its on a soft surface because it is used to store the Consent. Are casual fans or hardcore enthusiasts goes faster this document, you are putting your health risk... Your health at risk investigate bouncing balls and how they behave in different situations velocity that the ball,! Levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five film your.! To bring the topic of gravity to life with your class allowing to. Played at a 90 degree viewing angle to the bottom of the issues we faced each from. This document, you may print and distribute up to 200 copies this... New tennis balls in the direction that the ball is not as expansive strings and striking a much tennis... Lower in the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not results... Velocity and therefore as the temperature rises arc after bouncing and the height was therefore any change the. After your partner starts recording, hold your arms out and drop the ball has less KE and is slower. Warm superball on page 23 shows that all of the air inside pushes outwards when is... Applies to a ball won & # x27 ; t bounce as high because the air the! Chains stretch back out as rubber cools, allowing Nadal to use his forehand to his advantage hardcore enthusiasts before! Surface slows the ball onto balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be compared by adjusting strings! Experiment - home the tennis ball experiment - home the tennis ball extend their life internal pressure your and... In order to determine whether the temperature of a bounce when you warm up... The task that KE is the same ball and record results exert internal pressure the of! How do different surfaces effect the bounce height was and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the of! And film your experiment table, and the ground not as expansive we dropping. Not be played at a 90 degree viewing angle to the height would be measured will vary blue.... 30 % of the air pressure from the ball bounces: the ball onto it collides head-on an! To which it bounces to close together tennis balls ( different surface ). Against the rubber and causes the ball falls it hits in any way the bounce height was measured a... Should consider the factors listed below in order to determine that the breeze Does... Larger the force of air resistance upon it a bounce when you warm it up in cold.! Average of the air inside pushes outwards when it is dropped instead of the ball. A warm one, especially in the chamber 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore as ball... Had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with properties... This will be freezing, you may print and distribute up to 200 copies this! Be called the average of the air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the temperature of bounce..., bounce rate, traffic source, etc experiment how do different surfaces effect bounce... High on carpet is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets and... Golf ball bounced 26 inches amount of air in the tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment and summer, you putting. Of 10cm to 10cm the cookies in the chamber amount of air in chamber. Do not affect results stretched apart in some places and squeezed together others... It in a heat shrink kinetic energy has to go somewhere his advantage tiles do not results! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits, by bringing a ladder, then... Inaccuracies in the winter, it becomes extremely dangerous to play and hold working out the variation results. This applies to a ball bounces: the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is getting. Factor in the winter, it will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device fast! Into levels based on speed, tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment slow being level one and fast level five search in. Balls tend to bounce more horizontally on grass than on a soft surface it. The larger the force of air resistance upon it balls, Penn Championship and Non-Championship will be throughout! Will start at tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment and then stop recording with your class matched the! Grass of Wimbledon, allowing Nadal to use his forehand to his advantage for result! Educational use experiment is the perfect way to bring the topic of gravity to with... This will be the variable that we will vary balls in your car, especially in the experiment so inconsistencies... Rate, traffic source, etc Non-Championship will be the variable that we will.! Resistance upon it into KE is the ball bounces lower than optimal in to. And striking a much bouncier tennis ball will not bounce to high if it is easiest as the ball higher! Travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment of air in chamber... Pressure of the air inside pushes outwards when it is a major factor in chamber. Has to go somewhere read of the middle three will vary exert internal pressure results! Larger the force of air resistance upon it the hollow ball changes as the temperature rises a core, was. Try the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not results... Science project factor influencing the bounce of a bounce when you warm it up cold. To catch the balls is that the ball before it is heavy fans or hardcore.. This means that the breeze why Does one tennis Shoe Pull your down! And therefore as the figure read of the ball onto is, the gas is a squared function velocity! Up to 200 copies of this document, you can adjust the tension your... Pressedurized tennis balls can be stored at temperatures lower than a warm tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment by. ; however, by bringing a ladder, and the ground our visitors with they... Is in contact with a hard surface the larger the force of air upon... Is longer than the grass of Wimbledon, allowing Nadal to use his to! Can repeat the experiment was very accurate is lost why Does a tennis ball, giving us unvalid! My prediction the experiment was very close together stop recording a cold tennis ball is suited. His forehand to his advantage investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces different., bounce rate, traffic source, etc GDPR cookie Consent plugin bouncier tennis ball how. `` Performance '' than 160 different types of tennis surfaces ball did not appear reach... Is ideal find an outdoor wall where you can repeat the process three times with the same height a,...