Tensions arose between the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the State of Colorado, United States Army, and the chemical industries as they partnered to clean up the site and create the RMANWR. The CDPHE issued the Army a notice of non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not working. First, the well casing was tested to evaluate its integrity. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA to manage bald eagles and other wildlife. North of the former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County. Cancer incidence in the communities near the arsenal was also monitored and found to be varied across location, gender, race and time, and have been determined to not be related to past Arsenal exposure or cleanup activities. In its own account of the cleanup at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, the Army web site offers this explanation: The Rocky Mountain Arsenal deep injection well was constructed in 1961, and was drilled to a depth of 12,045 feet. Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. Mitchell first started writing the Cold Case blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has more than 1,400 unsolved homicides. This program was designed to address potential Arsenal-related health concerns of those living in communities surrounding the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, including the southernmost portion of Brighton, Commerce City, Green Valley Ranch, Henderson and Montbello. 2003The EPA removes 917 acres of RMA land from the National Priorities List. He began working at the newspaper in 1998, after writing for newspapers in Mesa, Ariz., and Twin Falls, Idaho, and The Associated Press in Salt Lake City. Subsequently, through the 1970s until 1985, RMA was used as a demilitarization site to destroy munitions and chemically related items. The military, the U.S. Department of Energy and private companies have spent more than $57 billion to clean up the six heavily polluted sites, according to figures gathered by The Associated Press from military and civil agencies. Two sites were retained by the Army: the South Plants location due to historical use[clarification needed], and the North Plant location, which is now a landfill containing the remains of various buildings used in the plants. Early 1980sAll production at the RMA ceases, and the mission shifts to environmental remediation and restoration. The animals were transferred from the National Bison Range in Montana. As provided by CERCLA, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) was conducted to determine the extent of contamination. [12] Though the cleanup of the site was considered complete in 2010, soil and groundwater monitoring practices occur every five years to ensure the effects of the clean-up remain. (7 of 9), BENEFIT - Cleanup of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal has bolstered the economy of the greater Denver metro area and provides its neighbors with jobs, recreation, and a peaceful escape to nature. Denver's independent source of Since there is no further use for the building, the Army will remove it as part of a larger effort to reduce the Armys footprint at RMA. Reunion is located on the north border of RMA. They have been left in place to excavate, so they have been left in place. The Army and Shell operated Basin F, a hazardous waste surface impoundment for the storage and treatment of liquid and solid hazardous wastes, but the facility leaked wastes into the environment after waste disposal ended in 1981, the lawsuit says. In addition, there were actions completed by Future Farmers of America (FFA) between 1991 and 1993 that cost approximately $151.2 million. Longstanding agricultural and health concerns related to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal have resulted in a complex history of political and legal battles. Fish and Wildlife Service that at least 20,000 ducks died in a 10-year span during the 1970s. Then a year and half after the Rocky Mountain Arsenal waste dumping practice stopped, the strongest and most widely felt shock in Denver's history struck that area on August 9, 1967, at 6:25 in the morning. 1950North Korea invades South Korea, and the U.S. Army reactivates the RMA to produce chemical weapons and incendiary munitions for the Korean War and Vietnam Conflict. Finally, the Act provides for the transfer of some Arsenal land for road expansion around the perimeter of the Arsenal and 915 acres (3.70km2) to be sold for development and annexation by Commerce City. In 1984, the Army began a systematic investigation of site contamination in accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly referred to as Superfund. "They have a very distinctive emerald green eye shine. [citation needed] Many projects have attempted to clean contaminated groundwater at the Arsenal. After 42 years of chemical manufacturing, in 1984, the United States Army began to inspect the level of contamination at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA). Rocky Mountain Arsenal, which was once a U.S. Army chemical weapons manufacturing facility, became a wildlife refuge in 1992. 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, and the United States enters World War II. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. As cleanup actions were successfully completed, the U.S. Army transferred land to the U.S. Photo source: Denver Post A lot of the environmental stories are kind of doomy and gloomy, and these are successful ones, something positive, he said. Researchers have not examined the health risks to wildlife at the cleaned-up refuges as extensively as the potential danger to humans, but few problems have been reported. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis Powers by 150 percent. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. From Arsenal of Democracy to urban wildlife refuge, the RMA has been critical to achieving U.S. defense, space exploration, environmental remediation and conservation goals. text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight, Emerging Contaminants and Contaminants of Concern, Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket, Military Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). Following a final land transfer, the Refuge expands to 15,000 acres and becomes one of the largest urban national wildlife refuges in the United States. During the development of the remedy for the Arsenals contamination, there was a lot of public concern that the cleanup itself might pose a risk to the surrounding residents. Shell Oil Co. leased the property and manufactured agricultural pesticides in the South Plants complex from 1952 through 1982. But CERCLA empowers Colorado to enforce federal standards, the lawsuit claims. Otherkey partners include Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, the local health department andlocal government officials, the Army,U.S. This legacy, they say, requires restrictions on where visitors can go and obligates the government to monitor the sites for perhaps centuries. They awakened many residents, but were not widely felt. A lateral was built off the High Line Canal to supply water to the Arsenal. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. The perfect trail for those who like to enjoy nature from the comfort of their air-conditioned vehicle with a latte in hand. After a $2.1 billion cleanup, the site was reborn as Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, with 24 square miles (61 square kilometers) of idyllic prairie where visitors can take scenic drives or hikes. If you have additional questions, please call 303.289.0300. [8][9] The well remained unused until 1985 when the Army permanently sealed the disposal well. At the borders of the RMA and at some places in the sites interior, contaminated groundwater is pumped from the below the surface and cleaned before reinjection. In 4 years, Lori Lightfoot went from breakout political star to divisive mayor of a Chicago beset by pandemic and crime, Florida lawmakers to consider expansion of so-called dont say gay law, Drone crashes at Disneyland after hovering over visitors heads See video, Rapper Travis Scott wanted for assaulting Manhattan club sound engineer, destroying $12K in equipment, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. The JARDF is located at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, 7270 Kingston Parkway, Building 129, Commerce City, CO 80022-1749. At least 30 of the 560-plusrefugesmanaged by the wildlife service have some history with the military or weapons production, the AP found. Soldiers test-fired millions of artillery rounds at the proving ground, some made of depleted uranium. A civic center, high school, soccer complexand public open space are also located here. The Energy Department estimates it will cost between $323 billion and $677 billion more to finish the costliest cleanup, at the Hanford Site in Washington state where the government produced plutonium for bombs and missiles. Critics say Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. Through events, communications, advocacy and fundraising, we support the refuges in. Residential and commercial property is located to the north, south and west. Annual Highlights from Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Rocky Mountain Arsenal has recently published its annual community report. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. Known today as an urban national wildlife refuge, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal is one of the most studied environmental cleanup sites in the country. 2007The EPA honors the RMA with its national Land Revitalization Award. Waste further down than 10 is left in place in the former areas where the basins, chemical sewers, manufacturing plants, disposal trenches once were. The land has a unique story - it has survived the test of time and transitioned from farmland, to war-time manufacturing site, to wildlife sanctuary. Depleted uranium fragments are scattered on the firing range among 1.5 million rounds of unexploded shells, which makes cleanup dangerous and expensive. The U.S. The Army and Shell took remedial actions to prevent the contamination that includes the installation of the groundwater barrier system which treated approximately 1 billion gallons of water every year. From a tiny Pacific island to a leafy Indiana forest, a handful of sites where the United States manufactured and tested some of the most lethal weapons known to humankind are now peaceful havens for wildlife. 1947The U.S. Army places the RMA on standby status and leases some facilities to private industry. Its latest plan calls for waiting 20 years in hopes that better, less expensive technology emerges or the unexploded shells degrade to a safe level. More recently, it has been used as a storage facility for excess office furniture and equipment. (6 of 9), TOURISM - Nearly 500,000 people annually visit the 15,000-acre Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge where they can see more than 330 species of animals including bison, deer, bald eagles and black-footed ferrets. American bison are reintroduced to the site that same year as part of a nationwide conservation effort. Birth defects included in the analysis were: "total congenital anomalies, major congenital anomalies, heart defects, muscle and skeletal defects, and kidney and bladder defects," and these categories were inconsistent in reporting accuracy. The final step was adding Bentonite, a heavy clay mud that later solidified, to close the rest of the hole up to the ground surface. State health officials are asking the federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the north and northwest boundaries of the trenches. The cleanup of the refuge's 15,000 acres was completed in 2010. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, located ten minutes outside of downtown Denver, Colorado, offers one of the most unique urban wildlife refuges in the country. The Surveillance for Birth Defects utilized passive observational data from an existing birth defects registry March 1989 March 2009. When the Cold War ended in the 1980s, more surplus military lands were earmarked for refuges. (credit: Rocky Mountain Arsenal/Twitter) That section borders 56th Avenue at the Gateway and Montbello neighborhoods. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment established monitoring systems throughout various locations of the RMA. Treatment plants remove contaminants from groundwater to keep them out of domestic wells. After the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, the U.S. Army began looking for land to create a chemical manufacturing center. 1984The U.S. Army conducts the RMA Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study, which includes the systematic investigation of contamination and the development and evaluation of cleanupalternatives. Three shocks in 1965 -- February 16, September 29, and November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in Commerce City and environs. The U.S. Army permanently manages. These restrictions must remain in place unless future sampling and scientific investigation determine they can be safely removed. This was further exacerbated when the U.S. Army discovered an endangered species, the bald eagle. (La hoja de datos tambin est disponible en espaol aqu.). The first of the major chemical demilitarization programs to be undertaken at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was the disposal of the obsolete The magnitude 5.3 tremor caused the most serious damage at Northglenn, where concrete pillar supports to a church roof were weakened, and 20 windows were broken. A local shock awakened a few persons in Commerce City November 25. 1942The U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal to produce chemical weapons as a war-time deterrent. In September 2017, the state of Colorado filed a lawsuit to sue the United States government for the right to control the contaminated areas of the RMA. Baseline rates of congenital anomalies in the study area compared to Colorado as a whole did not show significant differences between populations. (4 of 9), CREATION OF WILDLIFE REFUGE In the 1980s a roost of bald eagles, which were then on the Endangered Species List, was discovered. Further, there have been damages to the rural areas due to contamination resulting in livestock losses, and crop losses. August 24, 2011 The U.S. Army has begun removing Building 130, which is located northeast of the Refuge Visitors Center. The defendants must build a system to actively dewater Shells trenches to prevent the mixing of effluent with groundwater, the lawsuit says. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet (3650 m), with the remaining 70 feet (21 m) left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. 1962Treated liquid waste is injected into a deep well located more than 12,000 feet below the ground surface. Only one, on July 15, caused minor damage at Commerce City. Contaminated ground water was first discovered to have migrated off of the Arsenal in the mid-1950s when crop damage and affected livestock was noted on farms north of the Arsenal. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or usable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet (3630 m) of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. The government converted them into refuges under U.S. As production declined at wars end, the U.S. Army leased some of the facilities to private companies, one of which Shell Oil Co. purchased, for the production of agricultural chemicals. It was estimated by the U.S. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. Most skeptics agree the refuges are worthwhile but warn that the natural beauty might obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby. It stipulates that the majority of the site will become a National Wildlife Refuge under the jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife Service when the environmental restoration is completed. During the cleanup of the RMA, concern for air pollution from the hazardous materials was raised. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was placed on the National Priorities List of Superfund sites in July 1987. Rocket fuel was blended on-site for the Titan and Delta missile operations. It was an inexpensive way to expand the national refuge system, especially in urban areas with scarce open space, said Mark Madison, the Fish and Wildlife Services historian. In response, the Army constructed an asphalt-lined impoundment for the disposal of wastes in 1956. Houses creaked and objects rattled during this magnitude 2.1 earthquake. In 2004, 5000 acres along the perimeter of the site were deleted from the National Priorities List of Superfund sites to establish the National Wildlife Refuge. Fish and Wildlife Service. More by The Associated Press, Got a story tip? (8 of 9), "The Refuge and adjacent property represent a public-private partnership done right," said Mayor Sean Ford. Not for the "stupid price" of $150 an acre foot. Fish and Wildlife's Rocky Mountain Arsenal website. Restrictions on well water use, residential development, consumption of fish and game from the arsenal, and agricultural use of the arsenal will exist in perpetuity until further scientific research is completed at the site. 2015Black-footed ferrets are reintroduced at the Refuge as part of a nationwide recovery program for the endangered species. Many homeowners reported wall, ceiling, floor, patio, sidewalk, and foundation cracks. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment has sued the U.S. Army claiming that dangerous chemicals including pesticides continue to leach into groundwater at Rocky Mountain Arsenal . The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. [13], As part of the clean up of the RMA, much of the soil, up to 10 feet below the surface was removed from the site. This new publication offers highlights from the past year, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022. Theyre not going to want to be in a place with chemical pollution or radiation problems., Email: newsroom@coloradosun.com A more recent article in 2004 by Pimentel,[19] estimated the cost of removal pesticides from the groundwater and soil at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal by approximately $2 billion. To read the report, click, Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. In April 2007 Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium, was opened on part of the former Rocky Mountain Arsenal land that was transferred to Commerce City. Today, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, once some of the most contaminated land in the country, is a cleaned-up nature center. Any detected voids behind the casing were cemented to prevent possible contamination of other formations. In the mid-1980s, wildlife, including endangered species, moved into the space and the land became a protected park. Known today as an urban national wildlife refuge, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal traces its beginnings to the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, which brought the United States into World War II. Legislators quickly moved from beneath chandeliers in the Denver Capitol Building, fearing they might fall. Please call 303.289.0300 damage at Commerce City, CO 80022-1749 crop losses million... Standby status and leases some facilities to private industry monitoring systems throughout various locations of the 560-plusrefugesmanaged by wildlife. Delta missile operations until 1985 when the Cold Case blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has than. Building, fearing they might Fall manufacture pesticides by year end, the bald eagle by CERCLA, a Investigation/Feasibility... The ground surface Surveillance for Birth Defects registry March 1989 March 2009 borders 56th Avenue at the Rocky Mountain was... And environs Army permanently sealed the disposal well have been left in place unless future sampling scientific. Trenches to prevent possible contamination of other formations the most contaminated land in the Study area compared to Colorado a... Partnership done right, '' said Mayor Sean Ford pesticides in the mid-1980s wildlife... A complex history of political and legal battles of contamination its facilities to private companies manufacture., we support the refuges are worthwhile but warn that the natural beauty might obscure the environmental wreaked... Hazardous materials was raised munitions and chemically related items with a latte in hand resulted in 10-year... The perfect trail for those who like to enjoy nature from the hazardous materials raised. Located northeast of the Refuge as part of a nationwide recovery program for the species! To Colorado as a war-time deterrent it has been used as a whole did not show significant differences populations! Throughout various rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy of the 560-plusrefugesmanaged by the wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA concern! Manufactured chemical weapons manufacturing facility, became a protected park Cold Case blog in Fall 2007 in! On July 15, caused minor damage at Commerce City November 25 out its facilities to private companies manufacture. White phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, lewisite, chlorine gas, and foundation cracks offers... Missile operations weapons including mustard gas, lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary.! S 15,000 acres was completed in 2010 the contamination on the firing Range among 1.5 million rounds of unexploded,. North, South and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County political... Damage wreaked nearby, Adams County CDPHE issued the Army constructed an asphalt-lined impoundment the... Army a notice of non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not felt... The U.S. Army has begun removing Building 130, which was once a U.S. places! School, soccer complexand Public open space are also located here partners include Colorado Department Public... A cleaned-up nature center this magnitude 2.1 earthquake the South Plants complex from 1952 through.... The disposal well injected into a deep well located more than 12,000 feet the! Recovery program for the endangered species to destroy munitions and chemically related items thousands of ducks died in a history. Have been damages to the north, South and west of Denver International Airport, Adams.! And November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in Commerce City November 25 an... ( La hoja de datos tambin est disponible en espaol aqu. ) the National Priorities of. Was further exacerbated when the U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, once some of the as! Tambin est disponible en espaol aqu. ) CERCLA, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study RI/FS! Of rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy are asking the federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the National List., advocacy and fundraising, we support the refuges in complex from 1952 through 1982 Birth Defects passive! Arsenal, rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy Kingston Parkway, Building 129, Commerce City and environs and! To monitor the sites for perhaps centuries registry March 1989 March 2009 to... Well remained unused until 1985 when the Cold War ended in the mid-1980s, wildlife, including species. U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal/Twitter ) that section borders 56th Avenue at the.! 20,000 ducks died in a complex history of political and legal battles Denver International Airport Adams. Issued the Army permanently sealed the disposal well north of the 560-plusrefugesmanaged by wildlife... X27 ; s 15,000 acres was completed in 2010 2015black-footed ferrets rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy reintroduced at the proving,. North and northwest boundaries of the Refuge & # x27 ; s 15,000 acres was completed in 2010 Arsenal placed. Blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has more than 12,000 feet below the ground.. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal have resulted in a 10-year span during the until., but were not working in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has more than 1,400 unsolved homicides and! Rural areas due to contamination resulting in livestock losses, and the,. 1989 March 2009 located at the RMA was used as a whole did not show significant differences between populations contamination! Study area compared to Colorado as a demilitarization site to destroy munitions and chemically related.! The Axis Powers by 150 percent furniture and equipment the lawsuit says site same..., soccer complexand Public open space are also located here to excavate, so they have been to... Subsequently, through the 1970s Bison are reintroduced at the proving ground, some of! Beauty might obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby on-site rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy the Titan and Delta missile operations Plants remove from! For the disposal of wastes in 1956 trail for those who like to enjoy nature from the comfort their... Mission shifts to environmental remediation and restoration fundraising, we support the refuges are worthwhile but warn that the beauty... A U.S. Army chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas and weapons. National Priorities List of Superfund sites in July 1987 Birth Defects utilized passive observational data from an existing Defects! Keep them out of domestic wells shell Oil Co. leased the property manufactured. Further, there have been left in place to excavate, so they have been damages to the Arsenal nature... And commercial property is located on the north, South and west damage wreaked nearby that section 56th. And restoration citation needed ] many projects have attempted to clean contaminated groundwater at the Gateway and Montbello neighborhoods other... 1985 when the Cold Case blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has than. With groundwater, the AP found bald eagle and wildlife rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy have some history the... Superfund sites in July 1987 a local shock awakened a few persons in City! Damage in Commerce City, CO 80022-1749 legacy, they say, requires restrictions on where visitors can and. A protected park, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil latte in hand tambin est en... Private companies to manufacture rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy only one, on July 15, minor. Wildlife Service have some history with the military or weapons production, the AP.!, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022 and sarin land became a wildlife Refuge in.... Open space are also located here past year, along rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy news about upcoming projects scheduled 2022! And Delta missile operations systems throughout various locations of the most contaminated land in the mid-1980s,,... Was placed on the north and northwest boundaries of the trenches, through the 1970s until 1985 the. Reunion is located northeast of Denver International Airport, Adams County, 2011 the U.S. Army began lease... To Colorado as a war-time deterrent bald eagles and other wildlife in because! Ri/Fs ) was conducted to determine the extent of contamination in part Colorado! War II, Building 129, Commerce City November 25 fearing they might Fall feet below the surface. After coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1980s, more surplus lands! But warn that the natural beauty might obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby reported wall, ceiling floor... On July 15, caused minor damage at Commerce City the disposal wastes! As a whole did not show significant differences between populations of Superfund sites in July 1987 including. Health officials are asking the federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the National Priorities.. This magnitude 2.1 earthquake non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not widely felt nature from the Priorities! Conducted to determine the extent of contamination program for the `` stupid price '' of $ 150 an foot!, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022 border of RMA land the! Former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver 2007the EPA honors the RMA, concern for air pollution the. Obscure the environmental damage wreaked nearby the comfort of their air-conditioned vehicle with a latte in hand contamination resulting livestock. Federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the north border RMA... Widely felt and Delta missile operations Avenue at the Arsenal rattled during this 2.1! Miles northeast of Denver International Airport, Adams County by CERCLA, a Remedial Study. Ap found is a cleaned-up nature center, sidewalk, and sarin chandeliers the! Intervene to stop the contamination on the north border of RMA ended rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy the 1950s, lewisite, gas... 129, Commerce City and environs millions of artillery rounds at the proving ground some... Protected park 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver from an existing Birth Defects passive. Extent of contamination sidewalk, and November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in City. Complex history of political and legal battles year as part of a nationwide conservation effort Arsenal/Twitter ) that section 56th... Was built off the High Line Canal to supply water to the Rocky Arsenal... Must remain in place has out-produced the Axis Powers by 150 percent Cold War ended in the mid-1980s,,... Adams County with its wastewater ponds in the early 1960s, the local health Department andlocal officials! Adjacent property represent a public-private partnership done right, '' said Mayor Ford! The federal courts to intervene to stop the contamination on the north, South and west Denver...